Single-Site–Driven Synthesis of High-Frequency PV Power for Dispersed Portfolios

Minute-level photovoltaic (PV) power output time series are increasingly required for power-system operation studies such as regulation, ramping, and reserve sizing. Yet high-frequency irradiance (or PV) measurements are typically available at only a small number of locations, while the operational need is to represent PV variability over a dispersed flet or a balancing area. This paper presents a single-site–driven framework that converts one high-frequency irradiance record into realistic PV power traces for dispersed PV portfolios by combining (i) a physically motivated PV power conversion model and (ii) an aggregation filter that reproduces the reduction of short-term variability with geographic diversity.